Preheat oven to 375 degrees F (190 degrees C). Grease muffin pans, or line with paper muffin liners.
In a medium bowl, whisk together the flour, baking soda, baking powder, pumpkin pie spice, and salt. Set aside.
In a large bowl, cream together the butter and 1 1/2 cups sugar until light and fluffy. Beat in the eggs one at a time, then stir in the pumpkin puree, milk, and vanilla.
Gradually stir the dry ingredients into the wet ingredients until just blended.
In a separate bowl, beat together the cream cheese and 1/4 cup sugar until smooth. Spoon a few tablespoons of the muffin batter into the bottom of each muffin cup. Top with a spoonful of the cream cheese mixture, then cover with more muffin batter.
Bake for 25 minutes in the preheated oven, or until a toothpick inserted into the center of the muffin comes out clean.
Interesting Facts
Pumpkin puree is a great source of fiber and vitamin A.
Cream cheese is a great source of calcium and protein.
Pumpkin pie spice is a great way to add a unique flavor to recipes.