Preheat oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C). Grease a 9x13 inch baking dish.
Heat olive oil in a skillet over medium heat. Add onion and garlic; cook and stir until lightly browned, about 5 minutes. Add ground beef; cook and stir until beef is browned and crumbly, about 10 minutes more. Drain off fat.
Stir chili powder, cumin, black beans, diced tomatoes, tomato sauce, green chilies, sugar, and salt into the skillet; cook and stir until heated through. Reduce heat to low and simmer for 5 minutes.
Meanwhile, bring a large pot of lightly salted water to a boil. Cook egg noodles in boiling water until just tender, about 5 minutes. Drain.
Spread cooked egg noodles in the prepared baking dish. Pour beef mixture over noodles. Sprinkle cheddar cheese over beef mixture.
Bake in preheated oven for 25 minutes, or until cheese is melted and bubbly.
Interesting Facts
Chili is believed to have originated in the south-western region of the United States in the 19th century.
Egg noodles are a type of pasta made from flour, eggs, and salt. They are a staple in many cuisines.
Casseroles are a popular and easy-to-make meal, perfect for weeknight dinners or potlucks.