Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Add the spaghetti and cook according to package instructions.
Meanwhile, in a large skillet, heat the olive oil over medium heat. Add the garlic and red pepper flakes, and cook until the garlic is fragrant, about 2 minutes.
When the spaghetti is done cooking, drain and add to the skillet with the garlic and red pepper flakes. Toss to combine and cook for 1 minute.
Add the Parmesan cheese, salt, and pepper, and toss to combine. Serve immediately.
Interesting Facts
This dish originated in the southern Italian region of Campania.
The name of the dish comes from the Italian words aglio (garlic) and olio (oil).
It is traditionally a vegetarian dish, though some variations include anchovies or pancetta.